• Hepatic vascular physiology and blood flow dynamics emerged as a core thematic thread, integrating human hepatic blood flow estimation, intrahepatic circulation, hepatic arterial manipulation, and capillary transport to map liver perfusion and vascular regulation [3], [10], [19], [20].

• Diagnostic tissue assessment via aspiration liver biopsy became a central paradigm for evaluating liver disease, with multiple studies validating the diagnostic significance and histopathological insights from percutaneous and aspirative sampling [4], [5], [14].

• Cirrhosis and hepatitis pathophysiology linked hepatic dysfunction to systemic manifestations such as ascites and edema, highlighting plasma protein dynamics, albumin therapies, and disease progression [7], [8], [9], [15], [16].

• Nutritional factors and dietary interventions framed hepatic disease management, supported by animal models of hepatic injury under nutritive stress and exploration of diet-based therapeutic strategies [6], [13], [16].

• Cellular and tissue-level approaches—enzyme studies on liver nuclei, and regeneration after injury or partial hepatectomy—underpinned fundamental hepatic function and recovery processes [1], [11], [18].